Protecting biodiversity and economic returns in resource-rich tropical forests.

In pursuit of socioeconomic development, many countries are expanding oil and mineral extraction into tropical forests. These activities seed access to remote, biologically rich areas, thereby endangering global biodiversity. Here we demonstrate that conservation solutions that effectively balance the protection of biodiversity and economic revenues are possible in biologically valuable regions.

Using spatial data on oil profits and predicted species and ecosystem extents, we optimise the protection of 741 terrestrial species and 20 ecosystems of the Ecuadorian Amazon, across a range of opportunity costs (i.e. sacrifices of extractive profit). For such an optimisation, giving up 5% of a year’s oil profits (US$ 221 million) allows for a protected area network that retains of an average of 65% of the extent of each species/ecosystem.

This performance far exceeds that of the network produced by simple land area optimisation which requires a sacrifice of approximately 40% of annual oil profits (US$ 1.7 billion), and uses only marginally less land, to achieve equivalent levels of ecological protection.

Applying spatial statistics to remotely sensed, historic deforestation data, we further focus the optimisation to areas most threatened by imminent forest loss. We identify Emergency Conservation Targets: areas that are essential to a cost-effective conservation reserve network and at imminent risk of destruction, thus requiring urgent and effective protection.

Governments should employ the methods presented here when considering extractive led development options, to responsibly manage the associated ecological-economic trade-offs and protect natural capital. Article Impact Statement: Governments controlling resource extraction from tropical forests can arrange production and conservation to retain biodiversity and profits. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Three ways to deliver a net positive impact with biodiversity offsets.

Biodiversity offsetting is the practice of using conservation actions such as habitat restoration, management or protection to compensate for ecological losses caused by development activity, including construction projects. The typical goal of offsetting is no net loss (NNL), which means that all ecological losses are compensated for by commensurate offset gains.

The focus of this work is a conceptual and methodological exploration of net positive impact (NPI), an ambitious goal that implies commitment to beyond NNL, and which has recently received increasing attention from both big business and environmental NGOs. We build upon three ways to deliver NPI:

(i) use of an additional NPI multiplier, (ii) using permanent offsets to deliver additional gains after NNL has first been reached during a shorter offset evaluation time interval, and a (iii) novel modification of the mitigation hierarchy so that gains from its traditional third step, onsite rehabilitation, can no longer be counted towards reduced offset requirements.

Viability Dye Compensation Standard, 8µm
BLI451-3	Polysciences Europe GmbH	3ml	375 EUR
Simply Cellular® anti-Rat Compensation Standard
BLI551-5	Polysciences Europe GmbH	5ml	468 EUR
Simply Cellular® anti-Mouse Compensation Standard
BLI550-5	Polysciences Europe GmbH	5ml	468 EUR
Simply Cellular® anti-Human Compensation Standard
BLI552-5	Polysciences Europe GmbH	5ml	444 EUR
Simply Cellular ™ Compensation Standard - High (anti-Mouse)
BLI556-5	Polysciences Europe GmbH	5ml	468 EUR
Set for pressure compensation for 4 port screw cap GL 18 GLS 80 - EACH
1160167	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	40.5 EUR
Set for pressure compensation 2 and 3 port screw cap incl. 0.2 ┴m membrane filter - EACH
1137799	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	40.5 EUR
COMPtrol Amine-Reactive Dye Compensation Kit, 2 populations (Negative & High Binding), 10^7/mL, 7.0-7.9µm
CARCP-70-2K	Spherotech	7.0-7.9µm	185.5 EUR
(untagged)-Human cDNA FLJ39167 fis, clone OCBBF2002865, weakly similar to DOSAGE COMPENSATION REGULATOR
SC313861	Origene Technologies GmbH	10 µg	Ask for price
Lanthanum Compensating Solution - 1L
LACS01	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	1L	1098.9 EUR
pt1000 temperature compensator
ST10N	Consort	ea	112.8 EUR
pt1000 temperature compensator
ST20N	Consort	ea	117.6 EUR
pt1000 temperature compensator, s8
ST21Y	Consort	ea	124.8 EUR
Recombinant Mouse Complement C5 Protein, No Tag
E40MOP2106	EnoGene	20ug	495 EUR
Recombinant Human Complement Component C3a/C3 Protein, No Tag
E40KMH904	EnoGene	20ug	495 EUR
Recombinant Mouse Complement Component C3a/C3 Protein, No Tag
E40MOP2107	EnoGene	20ug	495 EUR
ZA.1500 zero air generator (no compresor) - EACH
SLS6124	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	4114.11 EUR
ZA.3000 zero air generator (no compresor) - EACH
SLS6126	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	7198.59 EUR
ZA.6000 zero air generator (no compressor) - EACH
SLS6128	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	8225.28 EUR
ZA.15000 zero air generator (no compressor) - EACH
SLS6130	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	12337.92 EUR
ZA.30000 zero air generator (no compressor) - EACH
SLS6132	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	17478.72 EUR
Mouse NO(NO) ELISA Kit
EK20448	SAB	96Т	768 EUR
HBSS (10X), no calcium, no magnesium, no phenol red
CA147-050	GenDepot	500 ml	118.8 EUR
Lovibond E Comparator EC 2000 Gardner (no Bluetooth) - EACH
COL1002	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	2579.21 EUR
Lovibond E Comparator EC 3000 Saybolt (no Bluetooth) - EACH
COL1006	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	4426.96 EUR
Sign 300x500mm No Smoking/No .. - EACH
MS05529R	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	36.72 EUR
NO-Indomethacin
112091	MedKoo Biosciences	1.0mg	220 EUR
NO-prednisolone
T19480-10mg	TargetMol Chemicals	10mg	Ask for price
Description: NO-prednisolone
NO-prednisolone
T19480-1g	TargetMol Chemicals	1g	Ask for price
Description: NO-prednisolone
NO-prednisolone
T19480-1mg	TargetMol Chemicals	1mg	Ask for price
Description: NO-prednisolone
NO-prednisolone
T19480-50mg	TargetMol Chemicals	50mg	Ask for price
Description: NO-prednisolone
NO-prednisolone
T19480-5mg	TargetMol Chemicals	5mg	Ask for price
Description: NO-prednisolone
NO-711ME
T24540-10mg	TargetMol Chemicals	10mg	Ask for price
Description: NO-711ME
NO-711ME
T24540-1g	TargetMol Chemicals	1g	Ask for price
Description: NO-711ME
NO-711ME
T24540-1mg	TargetMol Chemicals	1mg	Ask for price
Description: NO-711ME
NO-711ME
T24540-50mg	TargetMol Chemicals	50mg	Ask for price
Description: NO-711ME
NO-711ME
T24540-5mg	TargetMol Chemicals	5mg	Ask for price
Description: NO-711ME
NO-Indomethacin
T36538-10mg	TargetMol Chemicals	10mg	Ask for price
Description: NO-Indomethacin
NO-Indomethacin
T36538-1g	TargetMol Chemicals	1g	Ask for price
Description: NO-Indomethacin
NO-Indomethacin
T36538-1mg	TargetMol Chemicals	1mg	Ask for price
Description: NO-Indomethacin
NO-Indomethacin
T36538-50mg	TargetMol Chemicals	50mg	Ask for price
Description: NO-Indomethacin
NO-Indomethacin
T36538-5mg	TargetMol Chemicals	5mg	Ask for price
Description: NO-Indomethacin
NO-prednisolone
HY-101757	MedChemExpress	20mg	2043.6 EUR
Human(NO)
QY-E05308	Qayee Biotechnology	96T	433.2 EUR
NO-Aspirin
N633005	Toronto Research Chemicals	50mg	328 EUR
Description: 287118-97-2
Lovibond E Comparator EC 3000 ASTM Colour (no Bluetooth) - EACH
COL1004	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	4426.96 EUR
Violet BN Salt C.I. No. 37165 (No ZnCl2)
V02760	Pfaltz & Bauer	5G	295.39 EUR
No-Dye Stain
40140070-1	Glycomatrix	25 mL	53.99 EUR
No-Dye Stain
40140070-2	Glycomatrix	100 mL	125.36 EUR
NO-711 HCl
555355	MedKoo Biosciences	5.0mg	305 EUR
V-PYRRO/NO
T36510-10mg	TargetMol Chemicals	10mg	Ask for price
Description: V-PYRRO/NO
V-PYRRO/NO
T36510-1g	TargetMol Chemicals	1g	Ask for price
Description: V-PYRRO/NO
V-PYRRO/NO
T36510-1mg	TargetMol Chemicals	1mg	Ask for price
Description: V-PYRRO/NO
V-PYRRO/NO
T36510-50mg	TargetMol Chemicals	50mg	Ask for price
Description: V-PYRRO/NO
V-PYRRO/NO
T36510-5mg	TargetMol Chemicals	5mg	Ask for price
Description: V-PYRRO/NO
NO-Losartan A
T35600-10mg	TargetMol Chemicals	10mg	Ask for price
Description: NO-Losartan A
NO-Losartan A
T35600-1g	TargetMol Chemicals	1g	Ask for price
Description: NO-Losartan A
NO-Losartan A
T35600-1mg	TargetMol Chemicals	1mg	Ask for price
Description: NO-Losartan A
NO-Losartan A
T35600-50mg	TargetMol Chemicals	50mg	Ask for price
Description: NO-Losartan A
NO-Losartan A
T35600-5mg	TargetMol Chemicals	5mg	Ask for price
Description: NO-Losartan A
FLASK-NO BAFFLE
SS-2011	IBI Scientific	300ML	32.09 EUR
Description: POLYPROPYLENE
FLASK-NO BAFFLE
SS-5011	IBI Scientific	2.5L	53.72 EUR
Description: POLYPROPYLENE
NO-Aspirin 1
N633000	Toronto Research Chemicals	25mg	98 EUR
Description: 175033-36-0
DMEM, High Glucose, No L-glutamine, No sodium pyruvate
CM007-050	GenDepot	500ml	88.8 EUR
DMEM, High Glucose, No L-glutamine, No sodium pyruvate
CM007-300	GenDepot	6x500ml	198 EUR
DMEM, High Glucose, No L-glutamine, No sodium pyruvate
CM007-310	GenDepot	10x500ml	246 EUR
DMEM, High Glucose, No L-glutamine, No sodium pyruvate
CM007-320	GenDepot	20x500ml	380.4 EUR
DMEM, High Glucose, No L-glutamine, No sodium pyruvate
CM007-350	GenDepot	50x500ml	702 EUR
DMEM, High Glucose , No L-glutamine, No sodium pyruvate
CM009-050	GenDepot	500ml	88.8 EUR
DMEM, High Glucose , No L-glutamine, No sodium pyruvate
CM009-300	GenDepot	6x500ml	198 EUR
DMEM, High Glucose , No L-glutamine, No sodium pyruvate
CM009-310	GenDepot	10x500ml	246 EUR
DMEM, High Glucose , No L-glutamine, No sodium pyruvate
CM009-320	GenDepot	20x500ml	380.4 EUR
DMEM, High Glucose , No L-glutamine, No sodium pyruvate
CM009-350	GenDepot	50x500ml	702 EUR
DMEM, High Glucose, No L-glutamine, No sodium pyruvate
CMP07-001	GenDepot	10x1L	118.8 EUR
DMEM, High Glucose, No L-glutamine, No sodium pyruvate
CMP07-010	GenDepot	10L	100.8 EUR
DMEM, High Glucose, No L-glutamine, No sodium pyruvate
CMP07-050	GenDepot	50L	170.4 EUR
Tropaeolin OOO No. 1 C.I. No.14600 - Carc._x000D__x000D__x000D_
T32645	Pfaltz & Bauer	25G	229.98 EUR
Murashige & Skoog Medium (Modification No. 10);w/ ½ NH₄NO₃ & ½
PT129-10X1L	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	9.8 EUR
Description: Murashige & Skoog Medium (Modification No. 10);w/ ½ NH₄NO₃ & ½ KNO₃;w/o Vitamins, Sucrose & Agar
Murashige & Skoog Medium (Modification No. 10);w/ ½ NH₄NO₃ & ½
PT129-25L	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	12.49 EUR
Description: Murashige & Skoog Medium (Modification No. 10);w/ ½ NH₄NO₃ & ½ KNO₃;w/o Vitamins, Sucrose & Agar
Murashige & Skoog Medium (Modification No. 10);w/ ½ NH₄NO₃ & ½
PT129-5L	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	4.26 EUR
Description: Murashige & Skoog Medium (Modification No. 10);w/ ½ NH₄NO₃ & ½ KNO₃;w/o Vitamins, Sucrose & Agar
Lovibond Ammonia No. 1 And No. 2 Tablets - PK500
WAT6308	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK500	90.45 EUR
*E.coli BL21(DE3) Competent Cells
IECBL21CC1ML	Innovative research	each	119 EUR
Description: *E.coli BL21(DE3) Competent Cells
*E. coli HB101 Competent Cells
IECHB101CC1ML	Innovative research	each	119 EUR
Description: *E. coli HB101 Competent Cells
*E. coli JM109 Competent Cells
IECJM109CC1ML	Innovative research	each	119 EUR
Description: *E. coli JM109 Competent Cells
ProClone™ Competent Cells
E003	ABM	5 ml (4 x 1.25ml)	150 EUR
Description: ProClone™ Competent Cells are high-efficiency, chemically competent DH5α (E. coli) cells that are optimized for use with abm’s versatile range of expression vectors. Transformation efficiency greater than 1x10^6 cfu/µg can be achieved using abm’s expression vectors, which are typically 3 to 4-fold larger in size and contain more complex genetic elements than the standard pUC19 plasmid. Reduced recombination and highly transformation efficiency make ProClone™ Competent Cells the premier choice for both routine and challenging subcloning projects.
HiPurA® DH5α Competent Cells
MBT111-10R	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	24.46 EUR
Description: HiPurA® DH5α Competent Cells
HiPurA® DH5α Competent Cells
MBT111-20R	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	38.47 EUR
Description: HiPurA® DH5α Competent Cells
HiPurA® Dh5α Competent Cells
MBT111-40R	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	69.82 EUR
Description: HiPurA® Dh5α Competent Cells
Ar.A4 Chemically Competent Cell
ACC-116	Lifeasible	10 tubes, 20 tubes, 50 tubes, 100 tubes	Ask for price
Description: Applications: Ar.A4 Chemically Competent Cell is suitable for transgenic operations of corn, tobacco, carrot, licorice and other plants.
Chemically Competent Cell
20-abx098066	Abbexa	Ask for price Ask for price	1 ml 2 ml
Irisin Competitive ELISA Kit
LF-EK70037	Abfrontier	1×96T	780 EUR
Irisin Competitive ELISA Kit
K4761-100	Biovision	each	1136.4 EUR
HiPurA® BL21 (DE3) Competent Cells
MBT143-10R	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	24.46 EUR
Description: HiPurA® BL21 (DE3) Competent Cells
HiPurA® BL21 (DE3) Competent Cells
MBT143-20R	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	38.47 EUR
Description: HiPurA® BL21 (DE3) Competent Cells
HiPurA® BL21 (DE3) Competent Cells
MBT143-40R	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	69.82 EUR
Description: HiPurA® BL21 (DE3) Competent Cells
Chemically Competent Cell
abx098066-100l	Abbexa	100 µl	618.75 EUR
Chemically Competent Cell
abx098066-200l	Abbexa	200 µl	687.5 EUR
Chemically Competent Cell
abx098067-100l	Abbexa	100 µl	675 EUR
Chemically Competent Cell
abx098067-200l	Abbexa	200 µl	Ask for price
Ar.1193 Chemically Competent Cell
ACC-120	Lifeasible	10 tubes, 20 tubes, 50 tubes, 100 tubes	Ask for price
Description: Applications: Ar.1193 Chemically Competent Cell is suitable for transgenic operations of leguminosae, solanaceae and other plants.
DMT Chemically Competent Cell
20-abx098071	Abbexa	Ask for price Ask for price	1 ml 500 ul
DB3.1 Chemically Competent Cell
abx098865-1ml	Abbexa	1 ml	543.6 EUR
RBP4 (human) Competitive ELISA Kit
GWB-AXR246	GenWay Biotech	100 assays	Ask for price
Human RBP4 Competitive ELISA Kit
LF-EK70010	Abfrontier	1×96T	682.8 EUR
RBP4 (human) Competitive ELISA Kit
K4911-100	Biovision	each	1149.6 EUR
*E.coli DH5-alpha Competent Cells
IECDH5ACC1ML	Innovative research	each	119 EUR
Description: *E.coli DH5-alpha Competent Cells
DMT Chemically Competent Cell
abx098071-100l	Abbexa	100 µl	618.75 EUR
DMT Chemically Competent Cell
abx098071-200l	Abbexa	200 µl	662.5 EUR
DB3.1 Chemically Competent Cell
abx098865-100l	Abbexa	100 µl	362.5 EUR
DB3.1 Chemically Competent Cell
abx098865-200l	Abbexa	200 µl	425 EUR
Cortisol Competitive ELISA Kit
E28L0673	EnoGene	96T	800 EUR
AGL1 Chemically Competent Cell
ACC-105	Lifeasible	10 tubes, 20 tubes, 50 tubes, 100 tubes	Ask for price
Description: Applications: AGL1 Chemically Competent Cell is suitable for transgenic operations of rice, Arabidopsis, poplar and other plants.
Ar.Qual Chemically Competent Cell
ACC-117	Lifeasible	10 tubes, 20 tubes, 50 tubes, 100 tubes	Ask for price
Description: Applications: Ar.Qual Chemically Competent Cell is suitable for transgenic operations of corn, tobacco, tomato, citrus and other plants.
K599 Chemically Competent Cell
ACC-121	Lifeasible	10 tubes, 20 tubes, 50 tubes, 100 tubes	Ask for price
Description: Applications: K599 Chemically Competent Cell is suitable for transgenic operations of cucurbitaceae, leguminosae, solanaceae and other plants.
Chemically Competent Cell (StrR)
20-abx098064	Abbexa	Ask for price Ask for price	1 ml 2 ml
Chemically Competent Cell (106 cfu / mu g DNA)
20-abx098067	Abbexa	Ask for price Ask for price	1 ml 500 ul
BL21 Chemically Competent Cell
20-abx098105	Abbexa	Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price	1 ml 2 ml 500 ul
Human CTRP5 Competitive ELISA Kit
LF-EK70028	Abfrontier	1×96T	790.8 EUR
Human CTRP3 Competitive ELISA Kit
LF-EK70033	Abfrontier	1×96T	838.8 EUR
HiPurA® XL1-Blue Competent Cells
MBT144-10R	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	24.46 EUR
Description: HiPurA® XL1-Blue Competent Cells
HiPurA® XL1-Blue Competent Cells
MBT144-20R	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	38.47 EUR
Description: HiPurA® XL1-Blue Competent Cells
HiPurA® XL1-Blue Competent Cells
MBT144-40R	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	69.82 EUR
Description: HiPurA® XL1-Blue Competent Cells
Chemically Competent Cell (StrR)
abx098064-100l	Abbexa	100 µl	618.75 EUR
Chemically Competent Cell (StrR)
abx098064-200l	Abbexa	200 µl	675 EUR
BL21 Chemically Competent Cell
abx098105-100l	Abbexa	100 µl	662.5 EUR
BL21 Chemically Competent Cell
abx098105-200l	Abbexa	200 µl	712.5 EUR
Murashige & Skoog Medium (Modification No. 7)w/ ½ NH₄NO₃, ½ KNO
PT092-10X1L	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	11.23 EUR
Description: Murashige & Skoog Medium (Modification No. 7)w/ ½ NH₄NO₃, ½ KNO₃, ½ CaCl₂ & Vitamins;w/o Sucrose & Agar
Murashige & Skoog Medium (Modification No. 7)w/ ½ NH₄NO₃, ½ KNO
PT092-25L	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	15.16 EUR
Description: Murashige & Skoog Medium (Modification No. 7)w/ ½ NH₄NO₃, ½ KNO₃, ½ CaCl₂ & Vitamins;w/o Sucrose & Agar
Murashige & Skoog Medium (Modification No. 7)w/ ½ NH₄NO₃, ½ KNO
PT092-5L	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	4.89 EUR
Description: Murashige & Skoog Medium (Modification No. 7)w/ ½ NH₄NO₃, ½ KNO₃, ½ CaCl₂ & Vitamins;w/o Sucrose & Agar
Lovibond DPD No. 1 and DPD No. 3 Tablets - PK500
WAT6310	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK500	54 EUR
EF1a control lentivirus (No Selection) EF1a control lentivirus (No Selection)
EF1a-Null-	GenTarget	1 x10^7 IFU/ml x 200ul	206.5 EUR
Description: Negative control lentivirus under EF1a promoter, does not contain any antibiotic selection.
Human DHEA-S ELISA Kit (Competitive EIA)
EK7047	BosterBio	96wells/kit, with removable strips.	573.6 EUR
C58C1 Chemically Competent Cell
ACC-119	Lifeasible	10 tubes, 20 tubes, 50 tubes, 100 tubes	Ask for price
Description: Applications: C58C1 Chemically Competent Cell is suitable for transgenic operations of rosaceae, apocynaceae, leguminosae, solanaceae, astragalus, tobacco and other plants.
TOP10 Chemically Competent Cell
ACC-129	Lifeasible	10 tubes, 20 tubes, 50 tubes, 100 tubes	Ask for price
Competent Cells, Gold Efficiency
BIO-85027	Bioline	1ml ( 20 x 50µl )	Ask for price
Aflatoxin Competitive ELISA Kit
AKR-350	Cell Biolabs	96 assays	783.6 EUR
Description: Cell Biolabs? Aflatoxin Competitive ELISA Kit provides a convenient method for the detection of total Aflatoxin B1 and Aflatoxin B2 adducts in protein samples. First, an AFB1 conjugate is coated on an ELISA plate.  The unknown AFB1/2 samples or AFB1-BSA standards are then added to the AFB1 conjugate preabsorbed ELISA plate.  After a brief incubation, an anti-AFB1/2 monoclonal antibody is added, followed by an HRP conjugated secondary antibody.  The total content of AFB1 plus AFB2 in unknown samples is determined by comparison with a predetermined AFB1-BSA standard curve.
Rhodamine Competitive ELISA Kit
AKR-5142	Cell Biolabs	96 assays	645 EUR
5 alpha Chemically Competent Cell
20-abx098065	Abbexa	Ask for price Ask for price	1 ml 2 ml
BL21 (DE3) Chemically Competent Cell
20-abx098101	Abbexa	Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price	1 ml 2 ml 500 ul
DE3 Chemically Competent Cell (CamR)
20-abx098103	Abbexa	Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price	1 ml 2 ml 500 ul
Human Irisin Competitive (Twin Plex)
QY-E05382	Qayee Biotechnology	96T	433.2 EUR
Kanamycin Competitive ELISA Kit
MET-5144	Cell Biolabs	96 assays	575 EUR
5 alpha Chemically Competent Cell
abx098065-100l	Abbexa	100 µl	618.75 EUR
5 alpha Chemically Competent Cell
abx098065-200l	Abbexa	200 µl	675 EUR
Stbl3 Chemically Competent Cell
abx098072-100l	Abbexa	100 µl	675 EUR
Stbl3 Chemically Competent Cell
abx098072-1ml	Abbexa	1 ml	Ask for price
Stbl3 Chemically Competent Cell
abx098072-200l	Abbexa	200 µl	737.5 EUR
BL21 (DE3) Chemically Competent Cell
abx098101-100l	Abbexa	100 µl	662.5 EUR
BL21 (DE3) Chemically Competent Cell
abx098101-200l	Abbexa	200 µl	712.5 EUR
DE3 Chemically Competent Cell (CamR)
abx098103-100l	Abbexa	100 µl	675 EUR
DE3 Chemically Competent Cell (CamR)
abx098103-200l	Abbexa	200 µl	725 EUR
GV3101 Chemically Competent Cell
ACC-100	Lifeasible	10 tubes, 20 tubes, 50 tubes, 100 tubes	Ask for price
Description: Applications: GV3101 Chemically Competent Cell is suitable for transgenic operations of Arabidopsis, tobacco, corn, potatoes and other plants.
EHA105 Chemically Competent Cell
ACC-103	Lifeasible	10 tubes, 20 tubes, 50 tubes, 100 tubes	Ask for price
Description: Applications: EHA105 Chemically Competent Cell is suitable for transgenic operations of rice, tobacco and other plants.
EHA101 Chemically Competent Cell
ACC-108	Lifeasible	10 tubes, 20 tubes, 50 tubes, 100 tubes	Ask for price
Description: Applications: EHA101 Chemically Competent Cell is suitable for transgenic operations of corn, rice, tobacco and other plants.
MSU440 Chemically Competent Cell
ACC-118	Lifeasible	10 tubes, 20 tubes, 50 tubes, 100 tubes	Ask for price
Description: Applications: MSU440 Chemically Competent Cell is suitable for transgenic operations of corn, tobacco, tea tree, artemisia annua and other plants.
Anti-OX40 Competitive Antibody
72558-1	BPS Bioscience	50 µg	345 EUR
Description: Recombinant human Anti-OX40_x000D_competitive antibody recognizing the OX40_x000D_binding region. This antibody has not been_x000D_tested for cross-reactivity with any other_x000D_species.
Anti-OX40 Competitive Antibody
72558-2	BPS Bioscience	100 µg	490 EUR
Description: Recombinant human Anti-OX40 competitive antibody recognizing the OX40 binding region. This antibody has not been tested for cross-reactivity with any other species.
Bisphenol A (BPA) Competitive ELISA Kit
AKR-5134	Cell Biolabs	96 assays	460 EUR
Blue Chemically Competent Cell (TetR)
20-abx098068	Abbexa	Ask for price Ask for price	1 ml 2 ml
Aldosterone competitive ELISA
TBS31001-01	Tribioscience	1x96-well plate	390 EUR
Description: Plasma/ Serum/ Urine in any species
Aldosterone competitive ELISA
TBS31001-05	Tribioscience	5x96-well plate	1560 EUR
Description: Plasma/ Serum/ Urine in any species
Gentamicin Competitive ELISA Kit
MET-5135	Cell Biolabs	96 assays	480 EUR
Blue Chemically Competent Cell (TetR)
abx098068-100l	Abbexa	100 µl	618.75 EUR
Blue Chemically Competent Cell (TetR)
abx098068-200l	Abbexa	200 µl	687.5 EUR
HB101 Chemically Competent Cells
1071-48	Intact Genomics	24x100µ	252 EUR
Boc-Arg(NO₂)-OH
4001219.0025	Bachem	25 g	197.4 EUR
Boc-Arg(NO₂)-OH
4001219.01	Bachem	100 g	690.9 EUR
Erioglaucine C.I. No. 42090
E01960	Pfaltz & Bauer	25G	192.28 EUR
Eosin C.I. No. 45380
E00910	Pfaltz & Bauer	100G	201.1 EUR
Porcine NO ELISA Kit
EPN0048	Abclonal	96Tests	625.2 EUR
Rat NO ELISA Kit
ERN0048	Abclonal	96Tests	625.2 EUR
Monkey NO ELISA Kit
EMKN0048	Abclonal	96Tests	625.2 EUR
Mouse NO ELISA Kit
EMN0048	Abclonal	96Tests	625.2 EUR
Rabbit NO ELISA Kit
ERTN0048	Abclonal	96Tests	625.2 EUR
Sheep NO ELISA Kit
ESN0048	Abclonal	96Tests	625.2 EUR
Fluorescein C.I. No. 45350_x000D__x000D_
F01840	Pfaltz & Bauer	500G	158.47 EUR
Goat NO ELISA Kit
EGTN0048	Abclonal	96Tests	625.2 EUR
Anserini NO ELISA Kit
EAN0048	Abclonal	96Tests	625.2 EUR
Chicken NO ELISA Kit
ECKN0048	Abclonal	96Tests	625.2 EUR

The outcome from these three factors is that for the same ecological damage, larger offsets will be required than before, and earlier, thereby necessarily improving the success expected from offsets. As a corollary, we show how offsets really are NNL only at one ephemeral point in time, before which they are net negative and after which they turn into either net positive impact or net negative impact, depending on whether permanent offsets are combined with partially temporary losses or if temporary offset gains are combined with partially permanent losses. While we provide operational guidance on how to achieve NPI, it should be understood that achieving it is fully conditional on prior achievement of NNL, and offsets have indeed been frequently observed to fail due to inadequate policy requirements, incompetent planning or incomplete implementation.