Identifying trade-offs between biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services delivery for land-use decisions.

Sustainable land-use management must account for the potential trade-offs between biodiversity conservation, productive land uses and ecosystem services. In this study, we used Marxan with Zones to generate land use plans that optimize conservation, farming and forestry land uses to reach biodiversity targets while minimizing the opportunity cost for local communities in an inhabited but data-poor National Park in the Andes of Bolivia.

Based on six alternative land-use plans, we identified the synergies and trade-offs between the biodiversity benefits achieved in the different plans and the delivery of four locally important water-related ecosystem services modeled with the web-based tool AguAAndes.

Although we find synergies between the conservation of high altitude Polylepis woodlands and their associated avifauna and three of the ecosystem services investigated, soil erosion levels were actually higher in scenarios with higher achieved biodiversity benefits.

Our study shows how systematic conservation planning and ecosystem service delivery modelling can be used to solve land-use conflicts and identify trade-offs between biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services in a data-poor tropical area.

Biodiversity conservation through the lens of metacommunity ecology.

Metacommunity ecology combines local (e.g., environmental filtering and biotic interactions) and regional (e.g., dispersal and heterogeneity) processes to understand patterns of species abundance, occurrence, composition, and diversity across scales of space and time. As such, it has a great potential to generalize and synthesize our understanding of many ecological problems.

SmartCheck™ Blue Protein Marker, 11 bands 9-180 kDA, 2x250ul

PR5011-BL Benchmark Scientific 1 each 131.6 EUR

100bp DNA Ladder, 100bp-1.5kb, 11 bands, 100ng/uL, 5uL/load

M7123-100Loads500uL Biomatik Corporation 100Loads (500uL) 36 EUR
Description: Biotechnology

1Kb DNA Ladder, 500bp-10kb, 10 bands, 104ng/uL, 5uL/load

M7508-100Loads500uL Biomatik Corporation 100Loads (500uL) 28 EUR
Description: Biotechnology

Flystuff (64-103) Indestructable Rubber Bands 44.4x1.6mm

FLY1160 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK2700 82.25 EUR

LMW DNA Ladder, 25bp-700bp, 10 bands, 104ng/uL, 5uL/load

M7101-100Loads500uL Biomatik Corporation 100Loads (500uL) 44 EUR
Description: Biotechnology

GENE`s Protein Ladder Extended prestained, 13 bands, 5 - 245kD

310010 GeneOn 1x500µl 159.6 EUR

GENE`s Protein Ladder Extended prestained, 13 bands, 5 - 245kD

310011 GeneOn 5x500µl 613.2 EUR

50bp DNA Ladder Plus, 50bp-1kb, 13 bands, 128ng/uL, 5uL/load

M7115-100Loads500uL Biomatik Corporation 100Loads (500uL) 44 EUR
Description: Biotechnology

GENE`s Protein Ladder PS10 PLUS prestained, 10 bands, 11 - 180kD

310003 GeneOn 1x500 µl 144 EUR

GENE`s Protein Ladder PS10 PLUS prestained, 10 bands, 11 - 180kD

310004 GeneOn 5x500µl 550.8 EUR

GENE`s Plus Protein Ladder PS11 prestained, 11 bands, 10 - 175kD

310005 GeneOn 1x500µl 144 EUR

GENE`s Plus Protein Ladder PS11 prestained, 11 bands, 10 - 175kD

310006 GeneOn 5x500µl 550.8 EUR

GENE`s Protein Ladder Wide Range, prestained, 10 bands, 6,5 - 270kD

310020 GeneOn 1x500µl 153.6 EUR

GENE`s Protein Ladder Wide Range, prestained, 10 bands, 6,5 - 270kD

310021 GeneOn 5x500µl 550.8 EUR

SmartCheck™ Tri-color Protein Marker, 10 bands 9-180 kDA, 2x250ul

PR5010-TC Benchmark Scientific 1 each 144.3 EUR

2K Plus DNA Marker (8 linear double-stranded DNA bands)

20-abx098046 Abbexa
  • 309.60 EUR
  • 226.80 EUR
  • 2.5 ml
  • 500 ul

2K Plus DNA Marker (9 linear double-stranded DNA bands)

20-abx098047 Abbexa
  • 309.60 EUR
  • 226.80 EUR
  • 2.5 ml
  • 500 ul

SmartCheck™ Tri-color Extended Range Protein Marker, 12 bands 9-245 kDA, 2x250ul

PR5012-TC Benchmark Scientific 1 each 165.5 EUR

100bp Plus DNA Marker (12 linear double-stranded DNA bands)

20-abx098053 Abbexa
  • 326.40 EUR
  • 226.80 EUR
  • 2.5 ml
  • 500 ul

100bp Plus DNA Marker (14 linear double-stranded DNA bands)

20-abx098054 Abbexa
  • 360.00 EUR
  • 243.60 EUR
  • 2.5 ml
  • 500 ul

SmartCheck™ Tri-color Extended Range Plus Protein Marker, 13 bands 9-245 kDA, 2x250ul

PR5013-TC Benchmark Scientific 1 each 178.2 EUR

Sign 300x500mm No Smoking/No ..

MS05529R Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH 32.64 EUR

HBSS (10X), no calcium, no magnesium, no phenol red

CA147-050 GenDepot 500 ml 118.8 EUR

NO-prednisolone

HY-101757 MedChemExpress 20mg 2043.6 EUR

Human(NO)

QY-E05308 Qayee Biotechnology 96T 433.2 EUR

band 3 (band 3) Antibody

abx230798-100ug Abbexa 100 ug 610.8 EUR

Lovibond Ammonia No. 1 And No. 2 Tablets

WAT6308 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK500 80.4 EUR

FLASK-NO BAFFLE

SS-2011 IBI Scientific 300ML 32.09 EUR
Description: POLYPROPYLENE

FLASK-NO BAFFLE

SS-5011 IBI Scientific 2.5L 53.72 EUR
Description: POLYPROPYLENE

No-Dye Stain

40140070-1 Bio-WORLD 25 mL 53.99 EUR

No-Dye Stain

40140070-2 Bio-WORLD 100 mL 125.36 EUR

Band III(Q1/156), 0.2mg/mL

BNUB2826-100 Biotium 1uL 225 EUR
Description: Primary and secondary antibodies for multiple methodologyimmunostaining detection application

Band III(Q1/156), 0.2mg/mL

BNUB2826-500 Biotium 1uL 485 EUR
Description: Primary and secondary antibodies for multiple methodologyimmunostaining detection application

Band III(Q1/156), 1mg/mL

BNUM2826-50 Biotium 1uL 396 EUR
Description: Primary and secondary antibodies for multiple methodologyimmunostaining detection application

Band 3 Protein (824-829)

20-abx265231 Abbexa
  • 393.60 EUR
  • 594.00 EUR
  • 326.40 EUR
  • 10 mg
  • 25 mg
  • 5 mg

Band 3 Protein (547-553)

20-abx265232 Abbexa
  • 427.20 EUR
  • 644.40 EUR
  • 343.20 EUR
  • 10 mg
  • 25 mg
  • 5 mg

Band 3 Rabbit mAb

E2R23592 EnoGene 100ul 255 EUR
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

DMEM, High Glucose, No L-glutamine, No sodium pyruvate

CM007-050 GenDepot 500ml 88.8 EUR

DMEM, High Glucose, No L-glutamine, No sodium pyruvate

CM007-300 GenDepot 6x500ml 198 EUR

DMEM, High Glucose, No L-glutamine, No sodium pyruvate

CM007-310 GenDepot 10x500ml 246 EUR

DMEM, High Glucose, No L-glutamine, No sodium pyruvate

CM007-320 GenDepot 20x500ml 380.4 EUR

DMEM, High Glucose, No L-glutamine, No sodium pyruvate

CM007-350 GenDepot 50x500ml 702 EUR

DMEM, High Glucose , No L-glutamine, No sodium pyruvate

CM009-050 GenDepot 500ml 88.8 EUR

DMEM, High Glucose , No L-glutamine, No sodium pyruvate

CM009-300 GenDepot 6x500ml 198 EUR

DMEM, High Glucose , No L-glutamine, No sodium pyruvate

CM009-310 GenDepot 10x500ml 246 EUR

DMEM, High Glucose , No L-glutamine, No sodium pyruvate

CM009-320 GenDepot 20x500ml 380.4 EUR

DMEM, High Glucose , No L-glutamine, No sodium pyruvate

CM009-350 GenDepot 50x500ml 702 EUR

DMEM, High Glucose, No L-glutamine, No sodium pyruvate

CMP07-001 GenDepot 10x1L 118.8 EUR

DMEM, High Glucose, No L-glutamine, No sodium pyruvate

CMP07-010 GenDepot 10L 100.8 EUR

DMEM, High Glucose, No L-glutamine, No sodium pyruvate

CMP07-050 GenDepot 50L 170.4 EUR

Lovibond DPD No. 1 and DPD No. 3 Tablets

WAT6310 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK500 48 EUR

Band Doctor for PCR 5X

11170013-1 Bio-WORLD 10 mL Ask for price

Band 3/AE 1 Antibody

DF7843 Affinity Biosciences 100ul 280 EUR
Description: Human,Mouse

Band 3/AE 1 Antibody

DF7843-100ul Affinity Biosciences 100ul 280 EUR

Band 3/AE 1 Antibody

DF7843-200ul Affinity Biosciences 200ul 350 EUR

Gfx Pcr Dna Gel Band Purif 250

28903471 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH 573.6 EUR

band 3 ELISA KIT|Human

EF008060 Lifescience Market 96 Tests 826.8 EUR

Rubber band holder

2312211 Atto 8unit 295.2 EUR

Band 3 Protein (547-553) (human)

5-00752 CHI Scientific 4 x 5mg Ask for price

Band 3 Protein (824-829) (human)

5-00753 CHI Scientific 4 x 5mg Ask for price

anti- band 3 antibody

FNab00798 FN Test 100µg 658.5 EUR
Description: Antibody raised against band 3

Band 3 Protein (547-553) (human)

SP-100290-1 Alpha Diagnostics 1 mg 196.8 EUR

Band 3 Protein (824-829) (human)

SP-100291-1 Alpha Diagnostics 1 mg 196.8 EUR

5X Band Sharpener (10ml)

9K-001-0017 Bio Basic 10mL 388.51 EUR

28mm White T/E Cap with Red Band

GCAP28WTE Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH 0.71 EUR

Bolle Bandido BANPSF Smoke Lens

SAF1900 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH 8.83 EUR

Band 3 Antibody / SLC4A1

R31868 NSJ Bioreagents 100 ug 356.15 EUR
Description: Band 3 is also known as SLC4A1. The protein encoded by this gene is part of the anion exchanger (AE) family and is expressed in the erythrocyte plasma membrane, where it functions as a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger involved in carbon dioxide transport from tissues to lungs. The protein comprises two domains that are structurally and functionally distinct. The N-terminal 40kDa domain is located in the cytoplasm and acts as an attachment site for the red cell skeleton by binding ankyrin. The glycosylated C-terminal membrane-associated domain contains 12-14 membrane spanning segments and carries out the stilbene disulphonate-sensitive exchange transport of anions. The cytoplasmic tail at the extreme C-terminus of the membrane domain binds carbonic anhydrase II. The encoded protein associates with the red cell membrane protein glycophorin A and this association promotes the correct folding and translocation of the exchanger. This protein is predominantly dimeric but forms tetramers in the presence of ankyrin. Many mutations in this gene are known in man, and these mutations can lead to two types of disease: destabilization of red cell membrane leading to hereditary spherocytosis, and defective kidney acid secretion leading to distal renal tubular acidosis. Other mutations that do not give rise to disease result in novel blood group antigens, which form the Diego blood group system.

Band 3 Antibody / SLC4A1

V8083-100UG NSJ Bioreagents 100 ug 349.3 EUR
Description: Band 3, also designated AE1, is an erythrocyte membrane glycoprotein that contributes to cell stuctural integrity and mediates exchange of chloride and bicarbonate across the phospholipid bilayer. The diverse functions of the approximately 900 amino acid protein are mediated by two distinct domains. The amino-terminal domain, also known as cdb3 for cytoplasmic domain of erthrocyte membrane band 3, acts as an attachment site for the erythrocyte skeleton by binding ankyrin. The carboxy-terminal, membrane-associated domain carries out exchange transport of anions. Degradation of band 3 can generate an aging antigen known as senescent cell antigen, or SCA, which is expressed on old cells and marks them for removal by the immune system. An isoform of band 3, which lacks the first 65 amino acids and does not bind ankryin, is expressed in kidney.

Band 3 Antibody / SLC4A1

V8083-20UG NSJ Bioreagents 20 ug 153.3 EUR
Description: Band 3, also designated AE1, is an erythrocyte membrane glycoprotein that contributes to cell stuctural integrity and mediates exchange of chloride and bicarbonate across the phospholipid bilayer. The diverse functions of the approximately 900 amino acid protein are mediated by two distinct domains. The amino-terminal domain, also known as cdb3 for cytoplasmic domain of erthrocyte membrane band 3, acts as an attachment site for the erythrocyte skeleton by binding ankyrin. The carboxy-terminal, membrane-associated domain carries out exchange transport of anions. Degradation of band 3 can generate an aging antigen known as senescent cell antigen, or SCA, which is expressed on old cells and marks them for removal by the immune system. An isoform of band 3, which lacks the first 65 amino acids and does not bind ankryin, is expressed in kidney.

Band 3 Antibody / SLC4A1

V8083SAF-100UG NSJ Bioreagents 100 ug 349.3 EUR
Description: Band 3, also designated AE1, is an erythrocyte membrane glycoprotein that contributes to cell stuctural integrity and mediates exchange of chloride and bicarbonate across the phospholipid bilayer. The diverse functions of the approximately 900 amino acid protein are mediated by two distinct domains. The amino-terminal domain, also known as cdb3 for cytoplasmic domain of erthrocyte membrane band 3, acts as an attachment site for the erythrocyte skeleton by binding ankyrin. The carboxy-terminal, membrane-associated domain carries out exchange transport of anions. Degradation of band 3 can generate an aging antigen known as senescent cell antigen, or SCA, which is expressed on old cells and marks them for removal by the immune system. An isoform of band 3, which lacks the first 65 amino acids and does not bind ankryin, is expressed in kidney.

ProSpec 7-band Marker

pro-2654 ProSpec Tany 0.25ml 275 EUR
Description: ProSpec 8.5, 13.5, 18, 28, 40, 57 & 70 kDa Protein Marker

ProSpec 8-band Marker

pro-2655 ProSpec Tany 0.25ml 350 EUR
Description: ProSpec 15. 20, 25, 35, 50, 70,100 & 120 kDa Protein Marker

Recombinant Band 3 (BND3)

RPU40289-100ug Biomatik Corporation 100ug 562.1 EUR

Recombinant Band 3 (BND3)

RPU40289-1mg Biomatik Corporation 1mg 2489.5 EUR

Recombinant Band 3 (BND3)

RPU40289-50ug Biomatik Corporation 50ug 451 EUR

Recombinant Band 3 (BND3)

RPU53549-100ug Biomatik Corporation 100ug 554.4 EUR

Recombinant Band 3 (BND3)

RPU53549-1mg Biomatik Corporation 1mg 2457 EUR

Recombinant Band 3 (BND3)

RPU53549-50ug Biomatik Corporation 50ug 445.5 EUR

Recombinant Band 3 (BND3)

RPU58708-100ug Biomatik Corporation 100ug 618.3 EUR

Recombinant Band 3 (BND3)

RPU58708-1mg Biomatik Corporation 1mg 2870.4 EUR

Recombinant Band 3 (BND3)

RPU58708-50ug Biomatik Corporation 50ug 480.7 EUR

Coverslips Cat No. 100030.

100030 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK1000 78 EUR

Coverslip no.1 24x60mm

BB024060A1 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK1000 122.73 EUR

Ceraplex , No Phenol red

C3320-050 GenDepot 500ml Ask for price

SEQ ID NO:549

5-01922 CHI Scientific 4 x 5mg Ask for price

Rabbit NO ELISA Kit

ERTN0048 Abclonal 96Tests 625.2 EUR

Mouse NO ELISA Kit

EMN0048 Abclonal 96Tests 625.2 EUR

Monkey NO ELISA Kit

EMKN0048 Abclonal 96Tests 625.2 EUR

Porcine NO ELISA Kit

EPN0048 Abclonal 96Tests 625.2 EUR

Rat NO ELISA Kit

ERN0048 Abclonal 96Tests 625.2 EUR

Sheep NO ELISA Kit

ESN0048 Abclonal 96Tests 625.2 EUR

CMV-Luciferase (No marker)

LVP911a GenTarget 1x107 IFU/ml x 200ul 418.8 EUR
Description: Pre-made lentivirus express firefly luciferase under CMV promoter (do not containing any antibiotic selection marker), provided in DMEM medium with 10% FBS and 60ug/ml of polybrene.

EF1a-Luciferase (No marker)

LVP911b GenTarget 1x107 IFU/ml x 200ul 418.8 EUR
Description: Pre-made lentivirus express firefly luciferase under EF1a promoter (do not containing any antibiotic selection marker), provided in DMEM medium with 10% FBS and 60ug/ml of polybrene.

Sign 300X300 No SmokingDrinki..

P62ZS Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH 14.36 EUR

1.5ML MICROTUBES, NO CAP

MCT-150-NC CORNING 500/pk 142.8 EUR
Description: Micro Tubes; Micro Tubes Push Cap- Axygen

MacConkey Agar No.3

MED1256 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK10 10.8 EUR

MacConkey Agar No.3

MED1358 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH 79.2 EUR

Nutrient Broth No.2

MED1378 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH 82.8 EUR

Sign 210x148mm No Admittance ..

ML01551S Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH 6.53 EUR

Fehlings Solution No. 1

FS0101 Scientific Laboratory Supplies 1L 216 EUR

Fehlings Solution No. 1

FS010105 Scientific Laboratory Supplies 500ML 130.56 EUR

Fehlings Solution No. 1

FS01015 Scientific Laboratory Supplies 2.5L 143.62 EUR

Fehlings Solution No. 2

FS0102 Scientific Laboratory Supplies 1L 127.2 EUR

Fehlings Solution No. 2

FS010205 Scientific Laboratory Supplies 500ML 106.8 EUR

Fehlings Solution No. 2

FS01025 Scientific Laboratory Supplies 2.5L 235.01 EUR

Anserini NO ELISA Kit

EAN0048 Abclonal 96Tests 625.2 EUR

Bovine NO ELISA Kit

EBN0048 Abclonal 96Tests 625.2 EUR

Chicken NO ELISA Kit

ECKN0048 Abclonal 96Tests 625.2 EUR

Canine NO ELISA Kit

ECN0048 Abclonal 96Tests 625.2 EUR

NO ELISA KIT|Human

EF007402 Lifescience Market 96 Tests 826.8 EUR

Centrifuge 5920R no rotor

E5948000060 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH 12007.2 EUR

Goat NO ELISA Kit

EGTN0048 Abclonal 96Tests 625.2 EUR

Human NO ELISA Kit

EHN0048 Abclonal 96Tests 625.2 EUR

Scalpel Disposable No 23

INS4753 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK10 10.8 EUR

Scalpel Disposable No 22A

INS4755 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK10 10.8 EUR

Scalpel Disposable No 15

INS4757 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK10 10.8 EUR

Scalpel Disposable No 11

INS4759 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK10 10.8 EUR

Scalpel Disposable No 10

INS4761 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK10 10.8 EUR

Scalpel Disposable No 10A

INS4762 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK10 10.8 EUR

Scalpel Disposable No 20

INS4763 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK10 10.8 EUR

Scalpel Disposable No 21

INS4765 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK10 12 EUR

Scalpel Disposable No 22

INS4767 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK10 10.8 EUR

Scalpel Disposable No 24

INS4769 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK10 12 EUR

Alpha MEM (no nucleosides)

C0013-25 Addexbio RT 500 mL Bottle 30 EUR

Anti-NO-synthase antibody

STJ16101278 St John's Laboratory 50 µl 1156.8 EUR

Anti-NO-synthase antibody

STJ16101290 St John's Laboratory 50 µl 1138.8 EUR

Anti-NO-synthase antibody

STJ16101412 St John's Laboratory 50 µl 1156.8 EUR

Anti-NO-synthase antibody

STJ16101424 St John's Laboratory 50 µl 1138.8 EUR

Band III(Q1/156), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL

BNC472826-100 Biotium 1uL 192 EUR
Description: Primary and secondary antibodies for multiple methodologyimmunostaining detection application

Band III(Q1/156), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL

BNC472826-500 Biotium 1uL 532 EUR
Description: Primary and secondary antibodies for multiple methodologyimmunostaining detection application

Band III(Q1/156), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL

BNC682826-100 Biotium 1uL 192 EUR
Description: Primary and secondary antibodies for multiple methodologyimmunostaining detection application

Band III(Q1/156), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL

BNC682826-500 Biotium 1uL 532 EUR
Description: Primary and secondary antibodies for multiple methodologyimmunostaining detection application

Band III(Q1/156), CF594 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL

BNC942826-100 Biotium 1uL 192 EUR
Description: Primary and secondary antibodies for multiple methodologyimmunostaining detection application

Band III(Q1/156), CF594 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL

BNC942826-500 Biotium 1uL 532 EUR
Description: Primary and secondary antibodies for multiple methodologyimmunostaining detection application

Band III(Q1/156), CF640R conjugate, 0.1mg/mL

BNC402826-100 Biotium 1uL 192 EUR
Description: Primary and secondary antibodies for multiple methodologyimmunostaining detection application

Band III(Q1/156), CF640R conjugate, 0.1mg/mL

BNC402826-500 Biotium 1uL 532 EUR
Description: Primary and secondary antibodies for multiple methodologyimmunostaining detection application

Band III(Q1/156), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL

BNC882826-100 Biotium 1uL 192 EUR
Description: Primary and secondary antibodies for multiple methodologyimmunostaining detection application

Band III(Q1/156), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL

BNC882826-500 Biotium 1uL 532 EUR
Description: Primary and secondary antibodies for multiple methodologyimmunostaining detection application

Band III(Q1/156), CF405S conjugate, 0.1mg/mL

BNC042826-100 Biotium 1uL 192 EUR
Description: Primary and secondary antibodies for multiple methodologyimmunostaining detection application

Band III(Q1/156), CF405S conjugate, 0.1mg/mL

BNC042826-500 Biotium 1uL 532 EUR
Description: Primary and secondary antibodies for multiple methodologyimmunostaining detection application

Here, we give an overview of how a metacommunity perspective can provide useful insights for conservation biology, which aims to understand and mitigate the effects of anthropogenic drivers that decrease population sizes, increase extinction probabilities, and threaten biodiversity.

We review four general metacommunity processes-environmental filtering, biotic interactions, dispersal, and ecological drift-and discuss how key anthropogenic drivers (e.g., habitat loss and fragmentation, and nonnative species) can alter these processes. We next describe how the patterns of interest in metacommunities (abundance, occupancy, and diversity) map onto issues at the heart of conservation biology, and describe cases where conservation biology benefits by taking a scale-explicit metacommunity perspective.

We conclude with some ways forward for including metacommunity perspectives into ideas of ecosystem functioning and services, as well as approaches to habitat management, preservation, and restoration.

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